![]() ![]() In these convergences, works of resistance and refusal emerge, intervening in notions of history- and nation-making, national belonging, and national memory, resisting the marginalization or erasure of multiplicities of Arab American histories and identities within and beyond a US landscape. ![]() In this paper, I explore how Leila Abdelrazaq's Baddawi, published in 2015, and Malaka Ghraib's I Was Their American Dream, published in 2019, work to forge a new space for the graphic novel in Arab American self-representation in twenty-first-century media, becoming emblematic of what I call "visual hakawatis." Visual hakawatis use individualized acts of storytelling to transform fragments of their histories and memories into narratives of art and the written word that interconnect their personal, cultural, and historical experiences. ![]()
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